As the crescent moon heralds the end of Ramadan, the Islamic community worldwide prepares to bid farewell to the blessed month with a mixture of joy, gratitude, and contemplation. Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, is where Muslims engage in a period of fasting, increased prayer, and acts of charity. It is a time for spiritual reflection and personal growth, culminating in...

The fall of Jerusalem was the price paid by the Muslims for the continued civil wars brought on by competing Sunni and Shi’a visions of Islamic history. The Crusades, declared in 996, were an intercontinental invasion across a front line extending more than 3,000 miles from Spain to Palestine. At the time, the house of Islam was divided into three households. The Turks championed the...