Introduction:In a world teeming with trials and tribulations, the Islamic virtues of sabr (patience) and forgiveness stand as beacons of hope, guiding individuals toward a life of peace and fulfillment. As Muslims, we are encouraged to embody these qualities in our daily lives, not only as a means of self-improvement but as a way to foster harmony within our communities. Through sabr and...

The Portuguese Devastations in the Indian Ocean Contributed by Prof. Dr. Nazeer Ahmed, PhD The discovery of America and the circumnavigation of Africa were logical consequences of the religious-political rivalry between the Christian powers of Iberia and the Muslim powers of North Africa. As the Maghrib disintegrated, the Christian powers of Iberia, with the cooperation of the maritime...

The Atlantic Slave Trade Contributed by Prof. Dr. Nazeer Ahmed, PhD It is ironic that what started as a religious Crusade ended up in the enslavement of a continent. The cruel and inhuman Atlantic slave trade was a culmination of religious, political and social developments in Western Europe and North Africa. The literature on this subject is vast and has been extensively analyzed both...